浪漫主义 • 写实主义
Romanticism and Realism

浪漫主义
浪漫主义认为：艺术应从王室交还给民众对于古典主义事事追求古代罗马和画面上极端理智而冷靜的描写，及注重形体而轻视色彩的作风是完全反过的，他们主張描写活跃的奔放的戏剧化的场面，现实的题材，主张用刺激而热烈的色彩主张画家在创作过程中要有高度的热情，它把冷冷冰冰的古典主义作风完全推翻了，这一派的开山祖是安藉尼珂（Antoine-Jean Gros）发扬光大的是狄拉克拉（Eugène Delacroix）。

写实主义
写实主义纯粹是客观的写实，着重实际的主体决不虚构，夸张或者想像，及是忠实而准确地表现对象的外部形态，滿足於感性的认识——即眼睛所能看到的而取消了理性的认识，属于这一派的画家有柯尔培（Gustave Courbet）、米執（Jean-François Millet）列賓（Ilya Repin）。

Romanticism:
Romanticism contends that art should be returned from the monarchy to the public. It opposes the classical pursuit of everything related to ancient Rome, and the extreme rational and calm depiction on the canvas, emphasizing form while disregarding the style of color, is completely reversed. Romantics advocate portraying lively, unrestrained, and dramatic scenes with realistic subjects. They propose using stimulating and passionate colors, emphasizing the artist's high enthusiasm in the creative process. This movement overturns the cold and rational style of classicism. Antoine-Jean Gros is considered the pioneer of this movement, and it was further developed by Eugène Delacroix.

Realism:
Realism is purely objective and focuses on realistic subjects without fabrication, exaggeration, or imagination. It emphasizes faithfully and accurately representing the external forms of objects, satisfying sensory perception—what the eyes can see, canceling rational understanding. Painters associated with this movement include Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, and Ilya Repin. Realism seeks to portray the world objectively, addressing the social and political realities of the time, in stark contrast to the fantastical and emotionally charged themes of Romanticism.